口譯更注重語(yǔ)感

日期：2010-10-26 | 閱讀：

It appears that you've got the offer of a very good job. 聽(tīng)說(shuō)有個(gè)很好的工作要你去干。 A wonderful job. 挺好的工作。 Are you going to take it? 打算干嗎？ I don't think so.？不。 Why not?'為什么不干？ I don'

"It appears that you've got the offer of a very good job." "聽(tīng)說(shuō)有個(gè)很好的工作要你去干。"
"A wonderful job." "挺好的工作"。
"Are you going to take it?" "打算干嗎？
"I don't think so."？ "不。"
"Why not?'"為什么不干？"
"I don't want to.""不想干"。
    這是日常生活中的一段對(duì)話(huà)，其特點(diǎn)是：用詞自由，句法結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，短句與省略句多，自然樸素，生活氣息濃厚。在譯文中進(jìn)一步體現(xiàn)漢語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)，省去主語(yǔ)"你"、"我"；將英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)句子I don't think so.干脆譯成一個(gè)字"不"，顯得簡(jiǎn)潔有力。
      She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who hxdye looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about.

     那婦人生著一副綿軟多肉的體格，一張?zhí)孤书_(kāi)誠(chéng)的面容，一種天真羞怯的神氣。一雙大落落的柔順眼睛，里邊隱藏著無(wú)窮的心事，只有那些對(duì)于凄惶無(wú)告的窮苦人面目作過(guò)同情觀(guān)察的人才看得出來(lái)。

     上面五十一個(gè)詞的片斷,就運(yùn)用了十個(gè)形容詞,占五分之一。"and in then dwelt such a shadow of distress"是非常優(yōu)美生動(dòng)的文學(xué)語(yǔ)言，譯文保持了一風(fēng)格。

      MONTREAL-Clark Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four -point first period out burst, to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6:4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss.

       [蒙特利爾電]在全國(guó)手球聯(lián)賽中克拉克約翰斯今晚初試鋒芒，引起轟動(dòng)。上半場(chǎng)領(lǐng)先四分，首開(kāi)記錄?？死税l(fā)揮中堅(jiān)作用，約翰遜市高帽隊(duì)終以6:4擊敗蒙特利爾市小鴨隊(duì)，創(chuàng)造了連勝八場(chǎng)未負(fù)一場(chǎng)的戰(zhàn)績(jī)。

       這是屬于應(yīng)用文的新聞文體，其特點(diǎn)是簡(jiǎn)明扼要，短小精悍，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，筆鋒犀利。上述這則電訊只有一個(gè)句子，卻把一場(chǎng)球賽描繪得淋漓盡致，富于吸引力。

        The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in Fig.2.The full-scale reading of the

       meter alone may be 15volts.With the multiplier 250volts may be required to move the pointer to full-scale, 135 volts across the multiplier and 15volts across the meter.
      從上述的一段科技文章，不難看出其文體與修辭手段與前面列舉的文藝小說(shuō)，新聞報(bào)道等迥然不同?？萍嘉捏w崇尚嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)周密，概念準(zhǔn)確，邏輯性強(qiáng)，行文簡(jiǎn)練，重點(diǎn)突出，句式嚴(yán)整，少有變化，常用前置性陳述，即在句中將主要信息盡量前置，通過(guò)主語(yǔ)傳遞主要信息。科技文章文體的特點(diǎn)是：清晰、準(zhǔn)確、精練、嚴(yán)密。那末，科技文章的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)特色在翻譯過(guò)程中如何處理，這是進(jìn)行英漢科技翻譯時(shí)需要探討的問(wèn)題?，F(xiàn)分述如下：

大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)

大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)（Nominalization）是科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)之一。因?yàn)榭萍嘉捏w要求行文簡(jiǎn)潔、表達(dá)客觀(guān)、內(nèi)容確切、信息量大、強(qiáng)調(diào)存在的事實(shí)。而非某一行為。
Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.
阿基米德最先發(fā)展固體排水的原理。
句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)，一方面簡(jiǎn)化了同位語(yǔ)從句，另一方強(qiáng)調(diào)displacement 這一事實(shí)。
The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.
地球繞軸自轉(zhuǎn)，引起晝夜的變化。
名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)化成簡(jiǎn)單句，而且使表達(dá)的概念更加確切嚴(yán)密。
If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced.
爐壁采用耐火磚可大大降低熱耗。
科技英語(yǔ)所表述的是客觀(guān)規(guī)律，因之要盡量避免使用第一、二人稱(chēng)；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。
Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio wxdyes.
電視通過(guò)無(wú)線(xiàn)電波發(fā)射和接受活動(dòng)物體的圖象。
名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio wxdyes 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀(guān)事實(shí)，而"謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則著重其發(fā)射和接受的能力。