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89種語言服務
1、見面問候
中國人見面時喜歡問:吃過了嗎? Have you had breakfast(lunch, supper)?到哪去?Where are you going?這都不是外國人在見面問候時會問的問題。如果見面就問外國人“到哪里”,人家會以為你要了解人家的私事,對你會產(chǎn)生反感。外國人喜歡問:“你好嗎?”這句話可以有不少表達方法,如How are you? How do you do ?How have you been doing? Hello! Hey!等。用哪一句來表達你的問候,取決于你與被問候人的關系密切程度。總之,這一類的問候語,直譯可能會讓人感到莫名其妙,還是按外國人的習慣翻譯較好。
2、對病人的問候
中國人喜歡對病人深表同情。但外國人則輕易不愿表現(xiàn)出其弱的一面,對他們表達過分同情的話未必會收到好的效果。例如:中國人在聽說一個人生病后可能會說:得知貴體欠佳,深感不安和關切。直譯:I was rather disturbed by and concerned about your illness.但這樣翻譯會使感到病情很重,只能加重病人的顧慮,達不到安慰病人的目的。按照英文的表達習慣,可譯為:I am sorry to hear about your illness and wish you a speedy recovery.這樣翻譯既表達了講話者的難過心情,又表達了希望病人盡快康復的愿望。
3、對待他人的表揚和感謝
在受到表揚或感謝時,中國人往往比較謙虛,會說:“這沒什么。”“這是我應該做的。”或者,“哪里,哪里,我還做得很差。”如果直譯:It is nothing. This is my duty. This is what I should do. Well, I have not done very well. There is still much to be improved.所有這些謙恭的話,在外國人聽起來,都會顯得做作。西方人通常會說:It’s my pleasure.
Thank you for your kind words. I feel flattered.翻譯這些話時,宜根據(jù)西方的習慣來譯。
4、迎接外賓時
中國人迎接遠道而來的客人時常常會說:“一路上辛苦了。累不累?”You must have been tired after the long flight(journey)而外國人喜歡在別人面前顯得年輕、有朝氣,不喜歡被人認為體弱,或有疲勞感。因此,上述問候話直譯效果不好,可譯成: How was the flight? Have you had a pleasant flight?或者You have had a long flight.
二、不夠委婉的語氣
有時有人講話比較直率、唐突,直譯可能會使人感到不太客氣,甚至會失禮。譯員應學習委婉說法,在翻譯時把握好語氣。但為外交斗爭需要而使用針鋒相對的語言除外。
例1 中國可作為貴國資源性產(chǎn)品的穩(wěn)定市場,同時中國的許多工業(yè)產(chǎn)品可滿足貴國市場的需要。
直譯:Your resource-based products can find a stable market in China and Chinese industrial products can meet the needs of your market.這么直譯也許會讓人擔心,以為我們的工業(yè)品要去占領他們的市場。同樣的意思可以翻得更客氣一些。如:You may find a stable market in China for your primary products and may also get a number of industrial products from China to meet some of your needs.
例2 我想向大家介紹一下你們所關心的經(jīng)濟問題。
直譯:I wish to talk on China’s economic development in which you are interested.
另外,我們打交道的人大多是上層人士,我們必須學會使用禮貌文雅的語言,否則,會產(chǎn)生距離、反感,從而失去朋友,有損我形象。
1974年,加拿大“白求恩紀念委員會”訪華代表團中有一位團員對我接待官員說,我方翻譯像警察,原因是那天早晨,翻譯到他房間對他說:You have breakfast at 8, get your luggage downstairs at 8:30 and leave here for the airport at 9.OK?語言簡單、生硬、不禮貌,給外賓留下了不好的印象。建議對外賓說:Breakfast is at 8. Would you please get your luggage downstairs at 8:30?we are going to leave here for the airport at 9.
曾有一位女翻譯招呼外賓時,大聲喊叫“Hello”而不知道說:"Excuse me",在宣布事情時總是:Attention please.而不是說:Ladies and Gentlemen, may I have your attention please.結果一位外賓對此感到不快,說:I don’t want to talk to that wild girl.要人幫忙時,我們時常會說:你能告訴我到×××地方怎么走嗎?你能說英語嗎? 等。如果英文譯成:Can you tell me how to get to……?Can you speak English?那將是很不客氣的問話。對方會以為你懷疑他的能力。因為英文字can表示能力。如果改為could,含義就不同了??梢宰g為:Could you please tell me how to get……? Do you speak English?一個陌生人問你如何去某地時,你很可能傳說:“最好坐公共汽車去。”如將這句話譯為You’d better take a bus,聽起來不夠禮貌。因為You’d better……這個句型含有You have a duty to do something,或You have an obligation to…的意思。是一種命令語氣,常用于晚輩或下屬。因此,這樣翻譯不夠禮貌。這句話有許多客氣的表達方法。
如:I suggest you take a bus.
It might be better to take a bus.
Perhaps you might like to take a bus.
Why not take a bus?
I think the best way is by bus.