中英文中長(zhǎng)句子該如何翻譯較好？

在閱讀與翻譯科技文獻(xiàn)時(shí)，如何分析和翻譯長(zhǎng)句，有時(shí)是很棘手的。下面譯雅馨深圳翻譯公司結(jié)合一個(gè)實(shí)例，談點(diǎn)粗淺體會(huì)。

The specification of Patent No. 1,012,052 describes and claims a body of polycrystalline dielectric ceramic material having a lead zirconate -- lead titanate -- lead stannate composition falling within the area A B C E F of the triaxial diagram 1d of the drawings accompanying this specification and containing at least one substitutional additive ingredient selected from the group consisting of elements having respective ionic radii sufficiently close to the ionic radius of one of the elements lead, tin, titanium, zirconium and oxygen to permit of substitution, and a valence state differing from that of said one element by less than three units, the aggregate quantity of additive ingredient amounting amounting to from 0.1 to 5 percent of the replaced ion on an atom basis, each additive ingredient present in said material being in ionic form and substituting for a finite percentage of the ions of a particular one of the elements lead, tin, titanium, zirconium and oxygen with respect to which it conforms with regard to ionic radius and valence state, said additive ingredient replacing a quantity of said elements having in the aggregate an equal number of valence units.

    面對(duì)這樣一種長(zhǎng)句，首先應(yīng)弄清楚句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，搞清楚各層意思之間的邏輯關(guān)系。要按先易后難的原則，把易于識(shí)別，判斷的部分（主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)）先予以解決。最后解決一時(shí)拿不準(zhǔn)的部分。這些部分如同數(shù)學(xué)中的未知數(shù)X, Y, Z，通過(guò)已知條件和邏輯判斷也不難解決。

    在長(zhǎng)句中，修飾成分很多，常出現(xiàn)大量的從句、分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)以及同等成分等。而and連接的同等成分，尤其是遠(yuǎn)距離的同等成分，更需特別注意。

    本句由兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成，一個(gè)主句，另一個(gè)是定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句由 with respect to開始至全句結(jié)束。句中有介詞33個(gè)，現(xiàn)在分詞12個(gè)，過(guò)去分詞6個(gè)，動(dòng)詞不定式1個(gè)，形容詞短語(yǔ)2個(gè)，連接詞and 7個(gè)。下面分析一下句中的某些較難的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。

1. ceramic material有一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)
2. having respective ionic radii中的having 有兩個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)是這里的radii，另一個(gè)是距離較遠(yuǎn)的and a valence state.
3. 此句有三個(gè)分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。它們是：a) the aggregate quantity... amounting to from ...; b) each additive ingredient... being in ionic form and substituting for...; c) said additive ingredient... having in the aggregate...

    經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)真分析，對(duì)句子有了透徹理解之后，便可著手翻譯。在翻譯中，可調(diào)動(dòng)各種翻譯技巧，如增減、變換、拆句等。要做到既忠于原文，又不拘泥于原文的形式，使表達(dá)盡可能合乎漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，下面具體作些介紹。

    主句中的describes and claims用減詞法譯為一個(gè)詞“介紹”即可概括其意義。a body of polycrystalline dielectric ceramic material可通過(guò)減詞和變換法譯為“多晶陶瓷介質(zhì)材料”。英語(yǔ)慣用長(zhǎng)句，而漢語(yǔ)則少用長(zhǎng)句，因此在翻譯中要善于拆句。拆句的方法之一是將長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)譯為漢語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)，同被修飾語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，如下面的兩個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)falling within the area...和containing at least one substitutional...原來(lái)都是作定語(yǔ)修飾composition的，經(jīng)過(guò)拆句處理可將其譯成漢語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)，與composition構(gòu)成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，而分別譯成“其組成在說(shuō)明書上附圖ld三元相圖中處于A B C E F區(qū)域”和“該組成至少還含有一種置換添加物”。
 

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